Analyzing the Challenges of Building Compliance with Urban Development Regulations (Part two)

formation of unstable informal settlements with minimal health, technical, and urban planning standards. Despite the approval of Article 100 of the Municipal Law in 1977 to address violations, its effective implementation faced obstacles after the revolution, with no efficient oversight of construction until the second half of 1988. Although Article 100 commissions are now active in addressing building violations, their approach primarily focuses on the technical and safety aspects of structures and collecting fines, often neglecting key urban planning principles such as the proportionality of density with service per capita, street width, parking, and physical alignment with urban development plans. This is compounded by the fact that many municipal technical staff lack urban planning expertise, and urban planners have no effective role in the process of preparing, supervising, and issuing building permits. Using a library research and interview method, this article argues that for urban reorganization and violation prevention, the expert opinions of urban planning specialists must be referenced as valid evidence in Article 100 commissions and judicial authorities. Developing and communicating minimum shared urban planning regulations for these commissions and requiring owners and builders to present expert urban planning opinions to defend their projects are essential steps to reduce violations, decrease complaints, and guide cities toward rational and principled development.