https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/ Bonyan: Strategic Research in Islamic Architecture and Urbanism en daily 1 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4509.html Traditional girih consists of basic geometric units with distinctive patterns, often built on repeated squares and circles. Early Islamic geometric forms—such as 8-pointed stars and lozenges—date back to 836 CE at the Great Mosque of Kairouan. By 1086, 7- and 10-point girih patterns appeared in the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, and 10-point girih later became widespread. Girih designs are executed in cut brickwork, stucco, and mosaic faience tilework, forming decorative strapwork surfaces from the 15th to 20th centuries. Most designs rely on a hidden geometric grid with regular points, employing 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-fold rotational symmetries to fill the plane. The visible pattern includes 10- and 12-pointed stars and convex polygons, joined by interlacing straps. This research uses a combinative method based on library documentation and mathematical logic. Comparing traditional and proposed methods, the new approach minimizes error coefficient and reduces time by eliminating the compass, the most sensitive drawing tool. The study aims to obtain and reproduce fractal geometry patterns from common Islamic girih motifs, translating them into software using L-system rules and computer language. It seeks to bridge architectural concepts with computational methods by examining fractal geometry in nature and architecture, redefining Islamic geometric patterns, and simulating them digitally. Benefits include significantly increased speed, reduced error in designing Islamic geometric patterns, and the ability to generate new, sophisticated forms through minor changes in system data. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4510.html Dome and vault in Iran have a long history. The dome can be described as an amazing phenomenon of Iranian genius to overcome the challenge of covering large craters. The presence of the oldest tombs of Iran and the prominent position of Khuzestan province in the distribution of religions and especially Shiite religion has made the religious tombs of this province one of the most prominent architectural manifestations after the mosque architecture. This indigenous architecture of Khuzestan province reaches its peak in Shushtar and Dezful cities during different historical periods. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of historical domes of the two cities mentioned and to explain the morphological characteristics of the domes. In this study, the authors examine the characteristics of the dome at issue by selecting historical monuments with cultural heritage indexes belonging to different historical periods, utilizing library studies and field visits, and using the historical-analytical method. The findings of this study can identify two major species of Rack and Nari dome. The most common of these is the dome rack. The study of the physical change of the Dome of the Tomb`s in successive historical periods also shows that the external dome has decreased and after the Safavi period of the Nara Dome has become common. . The morphological characteristics of the dome presented in this study are based on observation and field observations. Despite the research limitations of studying historical monuments, the rich architecture of these buildings can be the subject of much research in the future. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4511.html The use of evaluation indicators not only for monitoring and ranking, but also as a tool for culture building and guiding fundamental assumptions also plays a serious role. A set of housing evaluation indicators in such a way that desirable policies can be determined in this area. Although there are numerous internal and external classifications in this area in the form of scientific documents and research, in terms of comprehensiveness (considering the three aspects of hardware and software simultaneously), it has been analyzed and intervened to an extent.Therefore, the present study attempted to address it after examining the existing categories. What was obtained includes four main categories, which are : " 1. Physical - spatial indicators (allocation and distribution of space and land); 2. Economic indicators (setting patterns related to cost and the housing market); 23. Cultural - social indicators (software infrastructure); 4. Environmental indicators (energy management, water engineering, waste)"; For each of these general categories, the dimensions and examples of evaluation indicators were separately identified in the relevant tables. Of course, this separation and classification does not mean separating the evaluation indicators from each other, but rather aims at a more accurate understanding, orientation, and evaluation of housing policies. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4512.html The purpose of this study is creating overall pattern among proposed variables in the field of restoration and reuse of historical houses. In this manuscript by taking advantage of survey research method and through the preparation of questionnaire, expert's views and opinions on the subject were collected and after doing the validation by factor analysis method, the variables were allowed to be extracted entitled “Effective Factors on Sustainability in Restoration of Iran Monuments”. Each factor was derived from several independent variables and was ranked depending on their significance. The results of the questionnaire analysis revealed four main factors associated with increasing sustainability in monuments: “Resources and technology”, “Social and cultural sustainability”, “Comfort”, “Components of economic productivity”. Among the factors determined, “Resources and technology” gained the most and “Components of economic productivity” gained the least importance. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4528.html the formation of meaning, and the realization of aesthetics. This study aims to analyze the geometric system, numerical proportions, and aesthetic qualities of the Jahanigir Khan School in Qom, as a representative example of Safavid educational–religious architecture. The main research problem is to explain how proportional systems influence the spatial organization, physical structure, and decorative system of the building, and how they contribute to the visual and semantic perception of space. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical method based on library studies, analysis of architectural drawings (plans, elevations, and sections), and field observations. The data were examined through geometric analysis and comparison with established proportional systems such as the Golden Ratio (φ) and traditional Iranian dynamic ratios. The findings indicate that the design of the school is based on a multi-layered system of geometric proportions, including 1:√2, 1:√3, 2:3, 4:5, 7:8, and the Golden Ratio. These proportions are consistently reflected in the dimensions of the courtyard, iwans, cells, and the main façade. The central courtyard, with an approximately octagonal geometry, establishes a centralized spatial structure around which a modular network of circulation and spatial rhythm is organized. Furthermore, the decorative system including geometric patterns, muqarnas, and tilework, operates in direct continuity with the structural geometry, enhancing visual coherence while conveying symbolic and sacred meanings. The results demonstrate that geometry in the Jahanigir Khan School is not merely a tool for spatial organization but functions as a meaningful language that plays a decisive role in creating visual unity, perceptual balance, and the expression of sacred concepts. These findings highlight the potential application of geometric proportional systems in the design of contemporary educational environments. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4529.html formation of unstable informal settlements with minimal health, technical, and urban planning standards. Despite the approval of Article 100 of the Municipal Law in 1977 to address violations, its effective implementation faced obstacles after the revolution, with no efficient oversight of construction until the second half of 1988. Although Article 100 commissions are now active in addressing building violations, their approach primarily focuses on the technical and safety aspects of structures and collecting fines, often neglecting key urban planning principles such as the proportionality of density with service per capita, street width, parking, and physical alignment with urban development plans. This is compounded by the fact that many municipal technical staff lack urban planning expertise, and urban planners have no effective role in the process of preparing, supervising, and issuing building permits. Using a library research and interview method, this article argues that for urban reorganization and violation prevention, the expert opinions of urban planning specialists must be referenced as valid evidence in Article 100 commissions and judicial authorities. Developing and communicating minimum shared urban planning regulations for these commissions and requiring owners and builders to present expert urban planning opinions to defend their projects are essential steps to reduce violations, decrease complaints, and guide cities toward rational and principled development. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4533.html In recent decades, the question of how to draw upon Iran’s architectural heritage in contemporary practice has been a major concern for scholars and architects. Despite numerous studies, the two dominant approaches—traditionalism, grounded in perennialist thought, and meaning-oriented neo-modernism—still require systematic and comparative analysis. This article examines these approaches through the works of two key figures: Nader Ardalan and Hadi Mirmiran, analyzing how each engages with Iran’s architectural past. Adopting a strategy of logical argumentation and an interpretive orientation, the study employs discourse–thematic analysis to investigate writings, statements, and architectural works across three dimensions: theoretical foundations, modes of drawing upon the past, and spatial and semantic outcomes. Comparative analysis reveals differences and overlaps in worldview, attitudes toward modernity, sources of meaning, approaches to reinterpreting the past, and resulting architectural expressions. Findings indicate that Ardalan, following a traditionalist perspective, considers historical architecture as a repository of sacred and timeless archetypes, applied in relatively direct and geometrical formal strategies. In contrast, Mirmiran, with a dynamic and meaning-oriented approach, reinterprets spatial patterns at a more abstract and conceptually flexible level, emphasizing the creation of meaning over strict formal replication. Ultimately, neither approach alone fully reconciles historical continuity with contemporary needs; however, a synthesis of spatial archetypes and conceptual interpretations, free from rigid formalism or doctrinal traditionalism, provides a more viable framework for contemporary Iranian architecture. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4530.html Due to the expansion of the apartment living pattern and the decline in the quality of social interactions in contemporary residential complexes, the weakening of the sense of belonging and the reduction of environmental satisfaction have become one of the fundamental challenges of urban residence in Tehran. This situation doubles the necessity of reexamining the role of physical components of communal spaces on satisfaction and sense of attachment to place, which is the goal of the research.In this research, a quantitative-qualitative hybrid method has been used. It is done through multivariate regression analysis through a correlation and quantitative analysis strategy, through regular daily visits, and completing 361 questionnaires and field observations in different types of communal spaces of residential complexes in Tehran. Along with the use of factor analysis and structural equations, examines several components and personality and behavioral characteristics of users to demonstrate the way and extent of satisfaction components to create a sense of place attachment to be used by environmental designers. The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between satisfaction and a sense of attachment to a place, and that visual perception and the quality of space management play a more prominent role in strengthening a sense of attachment than purely physical indicators. Among the components of satisfaction, the component "scenic beauty" has the highest coefficient and has been able to satisfy the highest level of satisfaction, and then, respectively: variety of texture and color,management and maintenance, cleaning and Cleanliness, security,physical safety, location of place and finally size/dimensions. The findings shows that the emphasis of the role of the designer as the creator of space,which, by designing the structure of spaces, leads to Increasing satisfaction and changing the sense of attachment of people living in the future. https://bonyan.qom.ac.ir/article_4531.html In historical monuments, the conflict of the senses was important in order to create a sense of belonging and readability of the space, and the architects tried to consider these principles and create it in various ways.The researcher examines the extent of the involvement of the senses in the Qom team as an example of a historical monument, examines the parameters affecting the senses and the degree of involvement of each by the existing elements, and examines the impact of each according to the specific age and gender, and finally using the obtained results.Today's architecture should be presented according to the age and gender of the audience. Research is a quantitative research in nature and field research in terms of data collection.The statistical population of this study consists of 32 merchants and visitors, which was determined using Morgan table as a sample size. A questionnaire was used to collect data.The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts.The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.793 using Cronbach's alpha formula. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and the abnormality of the data was determined.The findings of Spearman correlation test showed that the relationship between light and sound, the relationship between light and touch, the relationship between light and vision, the relationship between sound and touch had a moderate correlation and the relationship between sound and vision, the relationship between touch and vision had a strong correlation.The involvement of hearing and vision in this building has also been very high. Also, the results of Mann Whitney test indicate that the factor of gender and age did not affect the degree of involvement of the senses in this building.Finally, according to the research findings, practical suggestions on practical strategies for improving perception by involvement of the senses in the building are presented