گونه شناسی ساباط‌های بافت تاریخی شوشتر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد، پژوهشگر معماری اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری اسلامی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

10.22091/bonyan.2026.15939.1021

چکیده

یکی از عناصر معمارانه فضاهای شهری که بخشی از معبر را سرپوشیده کرده، ساباط­ها هستند. ساباط­ها ساختارهایی در کوچه و گذرها هستند که هنوز در بسیاری شهرهای تاریخی مانند شوشتر یافت می­شوند. ببراساس بررسی­های صورت‌گرفته، تاکنون پژوهشی که به مطالعة سابا­ط­های بافت تاریخی شوشتر و به‌خصوص تحلیل­های گونه‌شناسانة این عناصر ارزشمند پرداخته باشد، انجام نگرفته است؛ لذا پژوهش حاضر برای نخستین‌بار به شناخت و بررسی و گونه­شناسی سابا­ط­های این شهر می­پردازد. بدین منظور ابتدا نظریه­های موجود در گفتمان گونه­شناسی بررسی و بر این اساس این تعریف که گونه را شِمایی چندبعدی مرکب از اندام­های کالبدی و طرح­واره­های عجین‌شده با اندام­ها می­داند، مناسب تشخیص داده شد. در معماری بومی شوشتر به‌دلیل شرایط متنوع محیطی، گونه­های مختلفی از ساباط­ها شکل‌ گرفته است که موضوع موردبررسی در این پژوهش است. هدف از این پژوهش شناخت و سپس گونه­شناسی ساباط­های تاریخی در شهر شوشتر است؛ با طرح این پرسش که ساباط­های تاریخی را ببراساس ویژگی­های محیط جغرافیایی و شهری به چندگونه می­توان طبقه­بندی کرد؟ چارچوب نظری تحقیق ببراساس نقش خصوصیات محیط طبیعی محلی و همچنین محیط شهری در چگونگی شکل­گیری ساباط­های تاریخی استوار است. روش تحقیق، مورد­پژوهی با استفاده از راهکارهای ترکیبی است که برای انجام آن از تکنیک­های تحلیلی توصیفی استفاده می­شود. گردآوری اطلاعات به دو شکل اسنادی و میدانی صورت ‌گرفته است. به این صورت که ساباط­های تاریخی به‌طور هدفمند انتخاب و طبقه­بندی شدند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه حاکی از قابلیت گونه­بندی ساباط به گونه­های اقلیمی، شکلی ـ کالبدی، فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی و فضاگرا است که نتایج مربوط به هر گونه ارائه شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Typology of the Sábáts (Finas) in the Historical Context of Shooshtar City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Hayaty 1
  • Farid Khorasani 2
  • Sara Ramezan 3
  • Marzieh-Alzahra Nassirpour 1
1 Corresponding author, Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
2 M.Arch., Islamic Architecture Researcher, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Master's student in Islamic Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Qom University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Sábáts are architectural elements in urban spaces that cover parts of passages. These structures, found in many historic cities such as Shooshtar, shape the city’s unique spatial identity. Despite their architectural value, no comprehensive research has yet examined the historical context or typological characteristics of Shooshtar’s Sábáts. This study aims to identify and analyze their typology. Initially, theories related to typological discourse were reviewed, adopting the definition of typology as a multidimensional representation composed of physical elements and embedded schemas. In Shooshtar’s local architecture, diverse environmental conditions have produced various types of Sábáts, providing the cases analyzed in this research. The main objective is to determine their typological classification. These structures exhibit distinct design codes in plan, façade, and materials, typical of urban fabrics in hot–dry and semi ـ humid climates. Since most studied samples date back to earlier historical periods, the findings can be generalized to similar climatic regions and applied in contemporary architectural design. Considering the multifunctional nature of Sábáts, the study highlights their potential role in sustainable urban architecture and as models for physical design. The research investigates how historical Sábáts can be categorized according to their geographical and urban characteristics. The theoretical framework thus relies on the influence of environmental and urban factors on their formation. Adopting a case study strategy with descriptive–analytical techniques, data were gathered through documentary and field research. Fourteen Sábáts were purposefully selected and categorized. Findings indicate that their typology can be defined in four dimensions: climatic, physical ـ somatic, socio ـ cultural, and spatial, each offering insights applicable to revitalizing Iranian traditional architecture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Typology
  • Sábát
  • Architecture
  • Warm and Semi-Humid Climate
  • Shooshtar

مراجع

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بنیان: پژوهش های راهبردی معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی
دوره 1، شماره 3
مهر 1405
صفحه 62-85

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1405

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